• Dynamic optimization and price-driven management of exhaustible and renewable resources dominate, with continuous-time and discrete-time models yielding optimal harvesting trajectories, the influence of discount rates, and policy design for stock preservation and growth [15], [3], [6], [20], [5].

• Measurement of natural resource scarcity via shadow pricing and exploration uncertainty; models link unobservable scarcity measures to observable exploration costs, bounding rents and informing policy signals [4], [11].

• Economic valuation and policy framing of resources and environment, including monetization of production increases, recreation demand, and policy-oriented resource economics analysis; emphasizes efficiency and welfare implications [8], [16], [17], [2].

• Quantitative methods and duality-based analysis in resource economics, featuring production-function estimation, translog cost analysis, and system approaches to modeling supply in agriculture and related sectors [18], [19], [13].

• Resource allocation under collective rights and policy instruments in agriculture and fisheries, with case studies and regional analysis of allocation, rights regimes, and policy evaluation [14], [12].